As highly complex mechatronic systems, the design and performance of core components in humanoid robots directly determine their motion capabilities, interaction accuracy, and practicality. These components can be compared to the human skeleton, muscles, and senses, working together to achieve stable, flexible, and human-like behavior.
Currently, the humanoid robot industry is shifting from "technology demonstration" to "mass delivery," with requirements for components changing from "highly difficult movements" to "nearly 100% success rate" and "low maintenance costs."
However, core components such as planetary roller screws, six-dimensional force sensors, and high-performance frameless torque motors still face challenges such as low domestic production rates, high costs, and complex manufacturing processes, becoming major bottlenecks for large-scale deployment.
Companies like XPeng Motors' IRON robot are driving more natural and human-like robot movements by optimizing joint degrees of freedom (such as adding shoulder and waist degrees of freedom) and using algorithms based on real-person gait data.
